44.SpringBoot学习笔记

定制错误数据

Posted by Chen Xingxu on June 20, 2020

44.SpringBoot学习笔记–定制错误数据

定制错误 JSON 数据

Exception

demo.yangxu.springboot.exception.UserNotExistException

package demo.yangxu.springboot.exception;

public class UserNotExistException extends RuntimeException {
    public UserNotExistException() {
        super("用户不存在");
    }
}

Controller

demo.yangxu.springboot.controller.HelloController

package demo.yangxu.springboot.controller;

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String Hello(@RequestParam("user") String user){
        if(user.equals("aaa")){
            throw new UserNotExistException();
        }
        return "Hello World";
    }
}

demo.yangxu.springboot.controller.MyExceptionHandler

方式一:自定义异常处理与返回定制 JSON 数据

没有自适应效果,无论是浏览器还是非浏览器访问,都会返回 JSON 数据。

package demo.yangxu.springboot.controller;

@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {
    @ResponseBody
    @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("code","user.notexist");
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        return map;
    }
}

方式二:转发到 /error 进行自适应响应效果处理

@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
    Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
    //传入错误状态码  4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程
    /**
     * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
     .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
     */
    request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
    map.put("code","user.notexist");
    map.put("message","用户出错啦");

    request.setAttribute("ext",map);
    //转发到/error
    return "forward:/error";
}

Component

方式三:携带定制数据

出现错误以后,会来到 /error 请求,会被 BasicErrorController 处理,响应后获取的数据是由getErrorAttributes 返回的(org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.AbstractErrorController(org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.ErrorController)规定的方法)。

思路:

1、编写一个 ErrorController 的实现类(复杂),或者编写 AbstractErrorController 的子类(也复杂),放在容器中;

2、页面上或者返回 JSON 能用的数据都是通过 errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes [org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.ErrorAttributes#getErrorAttributes(org.springframework.web.context.request.WebRequest, org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions)] 得到。容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes() [org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.DefaultErrorAttributes#getErrorAttributes(org.springframework.web.context.request.WebRequest, org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions)] 默认进行数据处理的;

自定义 ErrorAttributes

demo.yangxu.springboot.component.MyErrorAttributes

package demo.yangxu.springboot.component;

import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.DefaultErrorAttributes;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.WebRequest;

import java.util.Map;

//给容器中加入自定义的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
    //返回值的map就是页面和json能获取的所有字段
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest, boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(webRequest, includeStackTrace);
        map.put("blog","yangxu");

        //异常处理器携带的数据
        Map<String,Object> ext = (Map<String, Object>) webRequest.getAttribute("ext", 0);
        map.put("ext",ext);
        return map;
    }
}

demo.yangxu.springboot.controller.MyExceptionHandler#handleException

request.setAttribute("ext",map);

最终效果

响应是自适应的,可以通过定制 ErrorAttributes 改变需要返回的内容。

可以尝试使用浏览器和非浏览器访问以下网址测试效果:

http://localhost:8080/crud/hello?user=aaa

使用浏览器访问返回错误信息:

status: 500
timestamp: Tue Jun 16 08:19:07 CST 2020
error: Internal Server Error
ext code: user.notexist
ext message: 用户出错啦

使用非浏览器访问返回 JSON 错误信息:

{
    "timestamp": "2020-06-16T00:19:30.126+00:00",
    "status": 500,
    "error": "Internal Server Error",
    "path": "/crud/hello",
    "blog": "yangxu",
    "ext": {
        "code": "user.notexist",
        "message": "用户出错啦"
    }
}

参考

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.AbstractErrorController#getStatus

protected HttpStatus getStatus(HttpServletRequest request) {
    Integer statusCode = (Integer) request.getAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_STATUS_CODE);
    if (statusCode == null) {
        return HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
    }
    try {
        return HttpStatus.valueOf(statusCode);
    }
    catch (Exception ex) {
        return HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
    }
}

javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher#ERROR_STATUS_CODE

String ERROR_STATUS_CODE = "javax.servlet.error.status_code";

webRequest.getAttribute(String name, int scope) 方法中要传入的 scope 参数:

org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes

/**
 * Constant that indicates request scope.
 */
int SCOPE_REQUEST = 0;

/**
 * Constant that indicates session scope.
 * <p>This preferably refers to a locally isolated session, if such
 * a distinction is available.
 * Else, it simply refers to the common session.
 */
int SCOPE_SESSION = 1;